2.2.2 Databases CARTER

Social and ethical issues
Students must study and evaluate the social and ethical issues involved in the use of databases and spreadsheets. These may include:
privacy of information in different cultures
rights of individuals with respect to the storage of personal data
social consequences of outdated or incorrect data stored in databases
social consequences of the release of sensitive data stored in databases
legislation on access and use of database information in different countries
responsibility for the security of data stored in databases from different perspectives, for example, the developer, the user and the management of an organization
accountability for the negative social effects caused by insecure databases
ethical issues related to the collection and use of personal data
ethical issues related to the selling of data stored in databases.


Knowledge of technology
In order to study and evaluate the social and ethical issues involved in the use of databases, the student must have an understanding of related technological concepts. These may include the following.
Design and creation concepts
Key terms—field, key field, record, search, query, sort, database management system, mail merge
Flat-file database versus relational database
Paper files versus electronic files
Data redundancy and data integrity
Updating data
Storage and access concepts
Data transfer between a database and a spreadsheet
Search and the use of the Boolean operators (AND, OR and NOT)
Data mining/data matching
Presentation concepts
Report generation
Special-purpose databases, for example, personal information managers, encyclopedias, library systems